![]() And, finally, in section four, I explain why Mercury is said to be common between sects.ġ. In section three, I apply this model to the diurnal and nocturnal sects, showing how it explains the key definitions and significations of each of the planets. Then, in section two, I set forth a philosophical account of sect membership using the Platonic distinction between Being and Becoming and the Hegelian triad of the in-itself, for-itself, and in-and-for-itself. In section one, I examine the standard accounts of sect membership and point out some serious problems with them. The argument of the paper proceeds as follows. In the process I develop a theory of sect that can explain (i) what the fundamental distinction between diurnal and nocturnal consists in (ii) what makes a planet a benefic, malefic, or sect-light and why sects should be triadically organized in this manner, (iii) why each of the planets belongs to the sect that it does and why Mercury is said to be common, and (iv) why each of the planets possesses the diverse significations attributed to it in the Hellenistic tradition. In this paper, I articulate a modified Porphyrian account of the philosophical grounds of sect capable of overcoming the problems facing standard accounts. Yet, both of these accounts are underdeveloped and face significant philosophical problems. Porphyry, in contrast, grounds it in the motion of planets and how frequently they are overpowered by the sun’s beams. Ptolemy grounds sect membership in the gender of planets, and, ultimately in their powers of heating, cooling, moistening, and drying. Indeed, only Ptolemy and Porphyry, two philosophers, attempt to furnish a justification for the distinction. Valens, Paulus, Hephaistio, and Rhetorius, for example, simply set forth the distinction without providing any reason to adopt it. ![]() Yet, though astrologers agree that this distinction is essential, they are unclear both about what it amounts to and why planets should be grouped in this way rather than another. And Mercury, as expected, plays an ambiguous role, sometimes joining one sect and sometimes another. The other, the nocturnal, is led by the Moon and contains Venus and Mars respectively as its benefic and malefic. One group, the diurnal, is led by the Sun and contains Jupiter as a benefic and Saturn as a malefic. All glossary terms and their definitions are released under a Creative Commons CC BY-4.0 license and should be credited to "IAU OAE".Sect (αἵρεσις) is a crucial concept in Hellenistic astrology, forging a fundamental contrast between two groups of planets. You can find a full list of credits here. The terms and definitions were chosen, written and reviewed by a collective effort from the OAE, the OAE Centers and Nodes, the OAE National Astronomy Education Coordinators (NAECs) and other volunteers. The OAE Multilingual Glossary is a project of the IAU Office ofĪstronomy for Education (OAE) in collaboration with the IAU Office of Astronomy This term and its definition have been approved by a research astronomer and a teacher The fact that the Sun appears to move across the sky during the day, rising in the East and setting in the West, is also a consequence of the Earth's rotation. The Earth's rotation is responsible for the changing view of the night sky that every observer standing on the Earth's surface will see, with new stars continually rising along the Eastern horizon, and setting along the Western horizon. Earth rotates around Earth's axis, which is the imaginary straight line passing through Earth's North Pole and South Pole. In general, stars (including the Sun), planets, moons or asteroids will rotate around a fixed axis. As the object rotates, each of its different parts keeps exactly the same distance from the axis of rotation. ![]() Description: Rotation is the motion of an object around an imaginary line, which is called the axis of rotation.
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